Introduction to SAP ABAP

Introduction

What  is  ERP:

E:  Enterprise / Company   Ex: Reddy Labs, Reliance, GE, GM, BMW 

R:   Resources

Man	->	employee
Machines	->	plants/manufacturing units
Materials	->	items/products (raw, semi finished, finished)
Money	->	finance (profit/loss)

P:  Planning (effective plans for maximum profits with minimum resources)

ERP Software: 

A Software which is used to maintain and plan all the business activities of a company/enterprise is called ERP software.

The business activities are :

•  How many customers/vendors/materials 

•  How many sales orders/delivery orders/invoice

•  How much profits/loss

•  How many employees/leaves/provident funds/income tax

•  How many plants/stock available/stock damaged etc.

The various ERP software's are :

People Soft

•  Used by small companies

•  Supports less number of business applications/scenarios/programs 

•  Supports less number of business modules

•  Less cost software 

•  Very good at HR module

Oracle :

•  Used by medium sized companies

•  Supports limited number of business applications

•  Supports limited number of business modules

•  High cost software

•  Very good at finance (FI) module

SAP

SAP : It stands for Systems , Applications and Products in Data Processing

•  It is an ERP software which is used by medium sized as well as top MNC’s

•  SAP supports every business scenario/application commonly used in business

•  SAP supports almost every Business module in the business (around 45+ modules. 

•  Very high cost software

•  It is excellent at integration between all the SAP modules

• Various Technical products are available from SAP like,BW/BI/BO, XI/PI , WebDynpro Abap/Java, EP, NWBC etc.

•  So, SAP does n’t depend on any other Non SAP module

•  We can’t do any black business in SAP (i.e., the information is stored in a secured way where you can’t do any black business)

History Of SAP

• In 1972, five IBM employees started a company by name SAP AG

• Their objective was to develop a business software or ERP software

• In 1980 the company released the first ERP software by name SAP R/2, where R stands for real time and 2 stands for two tier architecture

• In 1990 the company released advanced version of SAP R/2 by name SAP R/3, where 3 stands for three tier architecture

 Even today also we are using SAP R/3

What is ABAP

Abap stands for ADVANCED BUSINESS APPLICATION PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

It is a 4^th generation language, That is why it is written as ABAP/4.

The entire ERP software is developed by using a single programming language which is called as ABAP. Once we have a good knowledge on ABAP, we can work on any SAP module.

SAP Modules :

We have various business modules in SAP. Some of them are :

SD	:	sales and distribution
MM	:	material management
FI	:	finance
CO	:	controlling
HR	:	human resources
CRM	:	customer relation management
SRM	:	supply relation management
SCM	:	Supply chain management
APO	:	Advanced Planner and Optimizer

SAP Consultants

Functional Consultants: A consultant who is responsible for configuring the real time business scenarios like how many plants, sales organizations, materials etc in SAP software is called as functional consultants.

ABAP Consultants: A consultant who is responsible for developing new programs, screens, tables and customizing standard SAP programs is called as ABAP consultants.

BASIS Consultants: A consultant responsible for installing the SAP software, configuring the servers, controlling network traffic, creating usernames and passwords etc are called as BASIS consultants.

Roles and responsibilities of ABAP consultants:

 Receiving a ticket/Bug in the form of Functional specification document from TL

 Analyze the business requirement as per the given Functional spec

 Estimate the number of hours for business requirement

Develop the object

 Perform unit testing

Release the developed object to testing server 

Prepare Technical Specification document for object .

System Landscape:

Normally, every project in real time will consists of three servers

1) Development Server: A server where all the SAP consultants will be developing the real time objects for a business requirement is called development server. Once the development is finished, we should do a sample testing called as unit testing.

2) Quality Server: A server where all the functional consultants or testing consultants will be testing the developed objects is called a testing server. It is also called as quality server.

3) Production Server: A server where all the developed objects will be used in the live business market to maintain the business is called production server. It contains the live business data of customers.

Note: As an ABAP consultant, we will be working only at development sever, not the quality and production severs. ABAP consultants with more than 4 or 5 years of experience will have the access to quality sever but not production server.

Sand Box Sever:

It is a server where we do our R&D work is called a sand box sever. Everybody will have access to the sand box server.

SAP R/3 Architecture

  

In software engineering there are 3 architectures

•  Single tier architecture 

•  Two tier architecture 

•  Three tier architecture

Single tier architecture: A system which is responsible for loading the program, compiling, interpreting, executing as well as storing the data in the same system is called single tier architecture. In simple words a system responsible for front end and back end operations is called single tier architecture.

Ex: All ‘C’ language programs in olden days are written using single tier architecture.

Two tier architecture: In this architecture we have two layers, server layer and client layer.

2. a. Sever layer: In this layer we have a single system with very high configuration called as server. This sever is responsible for executing the programs as well as storing the data.

2. b. Client layer: In this later we have multiple systems which are connected to a server. All the business users will be operating from client systems. The server will receive the request from the client system and gives back the response (i.e. result).

Ex: SAP R/2, Oracle

Disadvantages of two tier architecture:

•  As the number of client systems increases the load on the database server will increase and the response time will be delayed

• Since the response time is delayed the output will be very slow on the client system which is very big disadvantage

•  To overcome this problem we have a new architecture called as three tier architecture

•    Three tier architecture: In this architecture we have three layers, they are database server layer, application server layer and presentation sever layer.

Ex: SAP R/3 architecture.

3. a. Database server layer: A server which is responsible only for storing the

data is called database server layer.

 3. b. Application sever layer: A server which is responsible for only executing the applications or programs is called application sever layer.

3. c. Presentation server layer: A server which is responsible for just presenting the output and taking the input is called as presentation sever layer.

Login to SAP

•  Double click on SAP GUI or SAP LOGON icon 

•  Select development server name (ECC6)

•  Click on LOGON

•  Provide username: SAPUSER password: INDIA123

•  Press enter

•  SAP EASY ACCESS screen is displayed

Transaction Code: It is a unique code or shortcut code to execute a specific program and its corresponding screen.

 Example:

 SE11:  Displays ABAP dictionary

 SE38:  Displays ABAP editor

 SE37:  Displays ABAP function builder

 SE21:  Displays ABAP package builder

 SE80:  Displays ABAP development work bench …. Etc.

Naming conventions:

These objects will starts with any character	The objects must start with either Y or Z.
Except Y and Z.
These objects can’t be modified directly.	These objects can be changed however we want.

PACKAGE:

·         It is a container of developed objects

·         Each project contains a single package per module

·         Packages are created by BASIS consultants or team leads when the project is started

·         All our objects must be stored in the package only

·         SE21 is the TCODE for creating a package

Steps to create a package:

•  Go SE21

•  Give the package name ZARJUN

•  Click on create, provide short description 

•  Click on create or save, Press enter 2 times

•  Click on save, a package is created

Transport Request Number: A number which is used to transport an object from one server to another server within system landscape is called transport request number.

ECCK is the name of development server

SEO9 is the TCODE for releasing TR

 Developing/Creating an ABAP Program

  

Steps to create a program:

•  Go to SE38,

•  Give the program name ‘zsample’

•  Click on create, provide description or Title

•  Select type = ‘EXECUTABLE’

•  Click on save

•  Provide the package name and press enter

•  Click on   create request icon

•  Provide short description and press enter 

•  A transport request number will be generated, just press enter

•  The ABAP editor is opened

•  Click on save and activate

  

 Introduction to WRITE statement

  

WRITE: It is the statement which is used to print a text on the output screen.

It is similar to PRINTF in ‘C’ language

 Ex: Write ‘hello world’.

‘:’ Chain Operator: It is a statement which is used to display multiple texts which are separated by commas using a single write statement.

Report zsample.

 Write  ‘hello world’.

 Write  ‘welcome to sap abap’

 Write /  ‘igrow soft’.

 Write : /  ‘cno’, ‘cname’, ‘city’.

 Write : / 3  ‘cno’, 15 ‘cname’, 25 ‘city’.

Write: / 25(25)	‘ABAP BY Sanjo’	left-justified color 1. (Displays background color)
Write: / 25(25 )	‘ABAP BY Sanjo’  centered color 2.
Write: / 25(25 )	‘ABAP BY Sanjo’  right-justified color 3.
Write: / 25(25)	‘ABAP BY Sanjo’	right-justified color 6 inverse. (Displays font color)

System Variables:

•   A variable which is defined by the system is called a system variable

•   All system variables are automatically assigned with some values

•   All system variables will start with ‘SY’ or ‘SYST’ 

•   All system variables are stored in SYST structure

 Ex:

 Write / sy-uline. (Displays horizontal line across the page width)

 Write / 25 sy-vline. (Displays Vertical line of height  1   line)

 Write / sy-datum. (Displays system’s date as per date settings in SU3 Tcode) Write / sy-uzeit.        (Displays system’s time)

 Write / sy-uname. (Displays system’s user name) Write / sy-repid. (Displays report name)

That's it!!!! Hope You Enjoyed!!!

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